Fundamentals of Natural Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fundamentals of Natural Science - Essay Example Earlier, it was noted that scientific studies made the presence of gene and their transmission from one generation to another. But with the increased progress of scientific research allowed understanding regarding the mechanism in which genes would work (Bunch & Hellemans, 2004). The process of scientific research to renew the facts about mechanism of operation of gene in the body was greatly debated. Initially, researchers believed that it was impossible to find the particles and molecules making up several arrangements. Later on, it was observed that scientists made use of three-dimensional structure of DNA to evaluate the biochemical functioning (Treichel, 2008). By 1930s, scientists found out the correlation between the chromosomes and linkage of different molecules which ultimately led in the development of scientific study noting the mechanism in which genes work. This progress in the scientific study led in the correct knowledge of cytological information. During the experimentation for evaluating mechanism of genes, it was observed that new born babies had dominating features from the families of their parents. This made it evident that the mechanism of genes was greatly controlled by some other component of gene. It was for this reason that Walter Flemming studied the addition of another component in genes. Walter discovered that every cell had a nuclein which was also controlling the cell nucleus. But even then the relationship between both the components was not established with practical experimentation (Bunch & Hellemans, 2004). In order to understand as to why babies had exactly the same features as family side including eye color and other facial features, Oscar Hertwig conducted experimentation. It was noted in his experiment of observing sea urchins. The reason behind his consideration of sea urchins as the best experimental subject because its eggs are relatively bigger in size and are

World War I and the End of the Progressive Movement Essay

World War I and the End of the Progressive Movement - Essay Example at everything we learned about the war, and the weapons of destruction that were used during the battles were more than just mere bullets, grenades, and canons. In fact, World War I laid out the foundation for modern germ warfare as we know it today. It is just that very little is known about how gas warfare was originally conceptualized and launched during the era. But thanks to historical researchers such as Ulrich Trumpener and his essay â€Å"The Road to Ypres: The Beginnings of Gas Warfare in World War I†, the readers are given a look into the little known facts about the Battle of Ypres which many believe to be the very first time that gas warfare was used in battle. Trumpeners argument in the essay is that the successful mounting of gas warfare at Ypres on April 22,1915 is incorrectly celebrated at the day that modern chemical warfare began. It actually began much earlier than that since records show that primitive methods of gas warfare began to see its wartime function on the battle front a year earlier in 1914. Records indicate that the French forces actually started using something similar to chemical warfare early on in the war. Trumpener also discussed the facts pertaining to the weak methods by which the German military developed their germ warfare program. Trumpner was right in saying that very little information can be found about the germ warfare program of both sides back in World War I. Reading his essay actually had a profound effect on the way that I viewed the history of the first world war. For me, it went from a war that used the most basic of armaments, to the war that redefined the meaning of battle. I originally believed germ warfare to have been used to annihilate the Jews during World War II. Little did I know that the terrors of germ warfare had been around far longer than that. In fact, it is probably the early existence and experimenting of the German forces during World War I that led to the death camps of Nazi Germany during World

Homework 3B Legal Aspects of nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homework 3B Legal Aspects of nursing - Essay Example By the nurse unlocking the bathroom door and allowing the patient, Judy to shower by herself is a case that can be argued out both to be negligence on one hand and not negligence on the other hand. This act amounts to negligence following the fact that the nurse left the patient under no watch yet it is required that such kind of a patient should be under strict watch throughout and should not be left alone before they fully recover. Judy was found alone when she wanted to hang herself using a rope, this means that when given time alone anymore, gross mistake can be committed because the nurse do not know what Judy is capable of doing. Therefore, the nurse was not supposed to leave Judy alone in a place like a bathroom where there are several harmful objects that a patient like Judy can use to accomplish what they have really wanted to do over a long period of time. On the other hand, it was a bright idea for the nurse to have left Judy to shower alone and with the bathroom door unlo cked. This is an act that the patient requires to make them feel free when doing something which might make them have a sharp reflection over their lives and try to recollect the broken pieces together which can also , greatly provide a solution to the patient. In as much as Judy wanted to commit suicide, she also deserved to have some peaceful moment on her own may be while she’s showering to relieve her at least from some kind of stress. The other issue here is that fact that the bathroom door was left unlocked. This was a good practice that can not amount to negligence whatsoever due to the fact that; by leaving the door open, it would be very easy to monitor the patient and even to come to their rescue in case of any trouble unlike when the bathroom door could have been locked. The nurse however, needed to ensure that the patient was not left alone at any one time and even certain tools that could be used by the patient to accomplish a suicidal act were not left anywhere at the disposal of the patient. It was in order for the nurse to have left the bathroom door unlocked when the psychiatrist has come to see Judy since at that moment, the psychiatrist or any other person could pop into the bathroom and watch over Judy to see how she was faring on or even notice earlier if she was planning to do something that could take away her life again. Once such a thought had been realized, plans could have been put underway to rescue her earlier enough before any gross injuries could be caused. However, the nurse needed to keep a close check when the psychiatrist was leaving so that the nurse could take over and watch over the patient and make sure she is not left alone in the bathroom (Austin, Bergium, & Goldberg, 2003). To prevent this injury that was caused to Judy, the nurse, instead of letting Judy take a bath on her own, could have assisted her to take a bath or could have stayed with her in the bathroom and then ensured that she was taken back to her re sting room safely where continuous monitoring was being done to her. From a legal perspective, the patient was under the control of this particular nurse, therefore the nurse was obligated to offer all the services that were duly

Use Office Equipment Essay Example for Free

Use Office Equipment Essay Gives you a home screen that gives you short cuts and easier access to systems and files on the computer. Franking machine- Gives you the option to select the type of letter and the class you want to send it. 1.3 Explain why different types of equipment are chosen for task. Different types of equipment are chosen for different tasks because each piece of equipment is specific to each task that is being done. For example the scanner if specific to filing documents on to the system where as the printer to be specific to printing any documents that are needed in paper form. Understanding the purpose of following instructions and health and safety procedures. 2.1 Explain the purpose of following manufacturer’s instructions when using equipment. To ensure your using the equipment properly and prevent the equipment from breaking sooner than expected. They are also important because they tell the user what to do to be able to operate the equipment correctly. Also they tell the user what to do and the precise steps to take if the equipment breaks down. 2.2 explain the purpose of following organisational instructions when using equipment Organisational instructions are specific to your company and will usually set out the company’s rules for operating various pieces of equipment. For example,  organisational instruction will state: Who is allowed to operate certain types of equipment Whether any authorisation is needed. Who must be informed of any equipment breakdowns. Who is allowed to undertake technical repairs to equipment. 2.3 Identify health and safety procedures for using different types of equipment. When using the computer you must make sure that the cables are not trailing across the floor where someone might trip over them, also when using the computer you must have a chair that suit yours needs. It’s important that the chair adjust to your height and also the backrest must be able to adjust also to prevent cramp and avoid backache. Another example would be when using the shredder machine you must make sure your fingers don’t go near the mouth of the shredder. Also if there was a jam in the shredder make sure to turn the machine off and UN plug the machine. Another example would be when using the laminator machine make sure you supervise the machine as it gets very hot and can be dangerous and could set on fire. Also make sure you turn the machine of properly after you have used it otherwise it may break and catch fire and create serious damage to the practice. 2.4 Explain the purpose of following health and safety procedures when using equipment. The purpose of following health and safety procedures is to prevent any injuries from occurring. If these procedures are not followed it could lead to both short term and long term health issues. Health and safety procedures are there to protect you at work. They are designed to make sure that you do not suffer injuries while carrying out your work. 2.5 Explain the purpose of keeping equipment clean and hygienic. When using equipment, it is important to keep it clean and hygienic which means free from dirt, germs and bacteria. For example, food and drink should be kept well away from any equipment in anything gets knocked over and causes damage. Also by keeping equipment clean makes it last longer and stays in better condition. By keeping equipment hygienic is important especially if another colleague is going to use the same equipment therefore stops the spread of infection. Understand how to use equipment in a way that minimises waste 3.1 give  examples of waste when using equipment An example of waste when using equipment would be printing more than you need or not printing double sided. Another example of waste when using equipment would be leaving equipment (such as computers) switched on overnight or when not in use. 3.2 Give examples of ways to reduce waste Print double sided when printing to save paper. Use scrap paper to make notes instead of unused paper. Recycle e.g. cardboard boxes, paper, plastics etc. Print preview/ spell check before printing so save having to reprint documents. 3.3 Explain the purpose of minimising waste The purpose of minimising waste is to reduce our carbon footprint and to help global warming and also by minimising waste you save money. We are currently producing too much waste and need to take urgent steps to reduce this, either by cutting down on what we use or recycling whatever we can. Know about the different types of problems that may occur when using equipment and how to deal with them 4.1 Give examples of equipment problems (problems) The toner cartridge runs out. Paper jam in the printer. The computer may crash and you have unsaved work. The computer will not connect to the internet. The computer may start running very slow. 4.3 Give examples of how to deal with problems (solution) Replace the toner cartridge. Use the organisational instructions to tell you step by step how to UN jam the printer. Save your work every 10-15 minutes to ensure that if the computer crashes again most of your work or all of your work will be saved onto the computer. Your computer may need to be reconnected to the internet. Your computer can run slow for a number of different reason for example to may have too much going on at once therefore contact a IT technician of an IT specialist as you don’t want to risk breaking the computer. Understand the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when using  equipment 5.1 Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when using equipment Standards- It is important that you produce your work to the best possible standard in order to meet the requirements of the person who set you the task. This shows that you are responsible and trustworthy and that you can be relied upon to get things done. The purpose of meeting deadlines when using equipment is so you save time and money. Deadlines are important to all staff as they tell them when things need to be completed in order that the business can meet its targets. Understand the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area ready for the next user 6.1 Explain the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area ready for the next user Whenever you finish using office equipment it is important that you leave the work area exactly as you found it, for example, Not leaving any mess lying around. Not leaving the work area in such a way that someone else has to clear up after you before they can begin using the equipment.

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman as Social Commentary :: Death of a Salesman

Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman as Social Commentary Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman portrays the Loman's and all the family conflicts they faced.   It's also apparent on a bigger scale that this play is a social commentary.   It touches all the problems brought on by wealth and success in our culture.   Death of a Salesman is more effective as a reflection of society and the problems it faces than as a depiction of family conflicts.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The play showed how Willy Loman's longing to be successful controlled his life and ruined his family.   Willy also represents a large piece of society.   He portrays the people in our culture that base their lives on acquiring money.   Greed for success has eaten up large numbers of people in this country.   It's evident in the way Willy acts that his want of money consumes him.   This constantly happens in our society; people will do anything to crawl up the ladder of success, often knocking down anyone in their way.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Death of a Salesman also reflected how families treat people once they are older.   Willy raised Biff and Happy when they were completely dependent on him, but the boys aren't willing to help Willy out when he needs them.   This is more effective when looked at as if Willy represents all the older people in our society.   It shows how the elderly are looked down upon, are thought to be crazy, and have their jobs taken away for no reason other than age.   At times you feel sorry for Willy because these things are happening to him and he is powerless against them.   This makes the reader stop to examine our own culture and the ways we discriminate against people who should be our equals and treated with respect.   Ã‚  Ã‚   This play also represents how Willy's actions affected his entire family.   He always pushed the boys to have to be the greatest at everything they did.   This made the children grow up to always feel like they could never do enough to please their father.   They ended up doing things against what they truly wanted.   Biff never found a sufficient occupation and was forced to do things like steal.   Happy ended up lying to make things always seem better than they were.   But it's how this represents society that makes it so effective.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The biggest issue this play imitates is peer pressure.   Willy's pressure

Five Forces

————————————————- Re:The Cable Industry Conditions Are Ambiguous The cable industry’s conditions are quite ambiguous for new firms thinking to penetrate the market. The cable industry consists of firms that operate in the wired, third party distribution systems for broadcast programming. These cable operators offer television programming from cable networks or local television stations to consumers via cable infrastructure on a subscription basis.It is important to note that the industry is different from satellite providers, Internet service providers, or VoIP services, whose main difference is in infrastructure. Main players in the cable industry operate on a nation-wide basis. The biggest threat to this industry is high barrier to entry. This is due to a number of factors. First, capital requirements are high because infrastructure is costly such as the fiber-opti c lines that have been introduced to offer customers higher-priced, enhanced or bundled services.There is a medium level of industry concentration as the top four companies construct around 55% of the industry overall. Government regulations are also high, since operators must be licensed by the FCC through extensive registration. Thus programming rights, infrastructure investment, and high regulations present significant expenses and hardship for new firms entering. Barriers to entry, unlike all other factors in the five forces model, actually raises profits in a five forces analysis. This is because high barriers to entry prevent firms that could easily come into the market and take away profits.Other forces such as supplier power, buyer power, threat of substitutes, and industry rivalry, have moderate power in this industry. This would usually present a case of relatively lower profits in the industry – however we see that industry profitability is way above the industry a verage. It seems that the established firms in the industry are profitable because there are both high barriers to entry and many firms have consolidated with content suppliers. Thus profitability in this industry is quite ambiguous.

Analysis of “The Ethics of Respect for nature”

In this paper, I will be conducting an analysis of the article â€Å"The Ethics of Respect for nature† written by Paul W. Taylor. In this paper Taylor presented the foundational structure for a life-centered theory of environmental ethics. The structures according to Taylor are based on three categories which are related. The first part of the structure is called respect for nature. What this section of the article basically talked about was how human being only respects living things. And it also mentioned how if we as human beings were to adapt to the life-centered system of environmental ethics, the way in which we view the world right now will have to have to change we would be caring for nature more than we are now. Taylor argued that, it is the good (well-being, welfare) of individual organisms, considered as entities having inherent worth that determines our moral relations with the Earth’s wild communities of life. In order to prove his argument he was able to relate the argument with the anthropocentric views. In the anthropocentric view, human actions affecting the natural environment and its nonhuman inhabitants are right (or wrong) by either of two criteria: they have consequences which are favorable (or unfavorable) to human well-being, or they are consistent (or inconsistent) with the system of norms that protect and implement human rights. From this human-centered standpoint it is to humans and only to humans that all duties are ultimately owed (James). We as human have no obligation to promote or protect the good of nonhuman living things. The difference between the life-centered system of environmental ethic and the human-centered system of environmental ethic is in life centered system (as noted earlier) we as human will have more duty to the nature. Our duties to respect the integrity of natural ecosystems, to preserve endangered species, and to avoid environmental pollution stem from the fact that these are ways in which we can help make it possible for wild species populations to achieve and maintain a healthy existence in a natural state (Taylor). Our duties with respect to the â€Å"world† of nature would be seen as making prima facie claims upon us to be balanced against our duties with respect to the â€Å"world† of human civilization. We could no longer simply take the human point of view and consider the effects of our actions exclusively from the perspective of our own good. The evidence that the author used to justify the respect of nature is by making clear the fundamental moral attitude that underlies and makes intelligible the commitment to live by such a system. The second part of the structure is a belief system that constitutes a way of conceiving of the natural world and of our place in it. This belief system underlies and supports the attitude in a way that makes it an appropriate attitude to take toward the Earth’s natural ecosystems and their life communities. This section focuses more on the perception of biocentric outlook on nature. Taylor believed that the biocentric outlook on nature has four components; the first is human are thought of as member of the earth’s community of life, second the earth’s natural ecosystems as a totality are seen as a complex web of interconnected elements, with the sound biological functioning of each being dependent on the sound biological functioning of the others. Third, each individual organism is conceived of as a teleological center of life, pursuing its own good in its own way. And the last component, whether we are concerned with standards of merit or with the concept of inherent worth, the claim that humans by their very nature are superior to other species is a groundless claim and, in the light of elements (1), (2), and (3) above, must be rejected as nothing more than an irrational bias in our own favor (Taylor). To further understand his argument he was able to relate human with other species in a biological aspect. The laws of genetics, of natural selection, and of adaptation apply equally to all of us as biological creatures. In this light we consider ourselves as one with them, not set apart from them. We, as well as they, must face certain basic conditions of existence that impose requirements on us for our survival and well-being. Each animal and plant is like us in having a good of its own. This argument is considered a strong one because it logically self-explanatory and there are many scientific evidence to support this argument (Darwin’s theory of evolution). What differentiate us humans from any other species according to Taylor is our good. This argument is reasonable because, although our human good (what is of true value in human life, including the exercise of individual autonomy in choosing our own particular value systems) is not like the good of a nonhuman animal or plant, it can no more be realized than their good can without the biological necessities for survival and physical health (Taylor). Taylor also argued about the possibility of extinction. The possibility of the extinction of the human species, a possibility which starkly confronts us in the contemporary world, makes us aware of another respect in which we should not consider ourselves privileged beings in relation to other species. This argument has some strength to it because according to biology, the well-being of humans is dependent upon the ecological soundness and health of many plant and animal communities, while their soundness and health does not in the least depend upon human well-being. Thinking about it, one can argue that the existence of the human race is not necessary. Every last man, woman, and child could disappear from the face of the Earth without any significant detrimental consequence for the good of wild animals and plants. On the contrary, many of them would be greatly benefited. The destruction of their habitats by human â€Å"developments† would cease. The poisoning and polluting of their environment would come to an end. The Earth’s land, air, and water would no longer be subject to the degradation they are now undergoing as the result of large-scale technology and uncontrolled population growth. Life communities in natural ecosystems would gradually return to their former healthy state. Tropical forests, for example, would again be able to make their full contribution to a life-sustaining atmosphere for the whole planet. The rivers, lakes, and oceans of the world would eventually become clean again. Spilled oil, plastic trash, and even radioactive waste might finally, after many centuries, cease doing their terrible work. Ecosystems would return to their proper balance, suffering only the disruptions of natural events such as volcanic eruptions and glaciation. The third component is a system of moral rules and standards for guiding our treatment of those ecosystems and life communities, a set of normative principles which give concrete embodiment or expression to the attitude of respect for nature. Taylor was able to support his argument by relating the idea of human superiority to the system of moral rules. The relations that the author made in this case certainly helped his argument because, knowing that we as human are superior to other animals, we tend to overlook the morals in which we are supposed to look at which result in humans not respecting other species (James). The author also argued that various nonhuman species have capacities that humans lack. There is the speed of a cheetah, the vision of an eagle, the agility of a monkey. Why should not these be taken as signs of their superiority over humans in the way we as human treat other species? This evidence is reliable because according to research a cheetah is faster than an average human being, an eagle has a much better vision than an average human and a monkey is much more agile than an average human being (Taylor). In the aspect of moral rights and the matter of competing claims, Taylor argued that animals and plants should not be included in the class that have moral rights. He argued that there is no reason, why plants and animals, including whole species populations and life communities, cannot be accorded legal rights under my theory. This is a strong argument because to grant them legal protection could be interpreted as giving them legal entitlement to be protected, and this, in fact, would be a means by which a society that subscribed to the ethics of respect for nature could give public recognition to their inherent worth (James). The strength of this article is that it can be related to many aspect of the human race today in consideration to the definition of right and human rights today. Most of the term that was used in the article was well defined for example the definition of both life and human centered environmental ethics. There was also enough adequate support of his argument, for example in the way Taylor used the anthropocentric view to support his argument of life-centered environmental ethics. One weakness that I found in this article is the way the author went about relating his topic in order to make his argument more sufficient. The author should have stated in introduction that he will be using â€Å"the attitude of respect of nature†, â€Å"the good of being and the concept of worth† etc. to support his argument instead of jumping into the discussion. In conclusion, Taylor presented the foundational structures for a life-centered theory of environmental ethics. The structures according to Taylor are based on three categories which are related. The first part of the structure is called respect for nature, the second part of the structure is a belief system that constitutes a way of conceiving of the natural world and of our place in it and the third component is a system of moral rules and standards for guiding our treatment of those ecosystems and life communities, a set of normative principles which give concrete embodiment or expression to the attitude of re pect for nature . The author’s main purpose in this paper has been to try to establish a base point from which we can start working toward a solution to the problem. Most of the arguments that Taylor constructed in this paper are really convincing and was supported by evidence both scientific and philosophical evidence.